It is one of the resonators Ford put on the stock airbox assembly. It there for the affect it has on the engine sound. Two on the air box and more on the sound tube.
Lol, it's a resonator that helps air flow.
When air flows though a pipe, at certain speed, the pipe will resonate. Sound wave will create pulses in the air causing the air to not flow smoothly.
By adding an off branch cavity, it's lowering the resonance frequency.
It's kinda like the port on a speaker box, at certain frequency when the port is tuned to, the port will actually have no air flow at all.